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What Are The General Characteristics And Principles Of Organic Agriculture?

General Characteristics:

• Being accordant with people, animals and nature,
• Protecting biological diversity,
• Selecting durable, healthy seeds and plant varieties which are suitable to the agroecosystem,
• Prioritising the applications which increase plant and soil resistance,
• Nonusing synthetic chemical medicines, growing regulators and fertilizers,
• Using less nonoperating income in comparison with other agricultural methods and composing closed systems as far as possible,
• Handling soil as a living creature and making cultivation consciously,
• Increasing and protecting the soil efficiency instead of plant fertilization,
• Prioritising the soil efficiency with alteratives, green manuring and alternation,
• Intensively benefiting from anticipation and early warning techniques, 
• Solving problems about diseases and harmful weeds under the guidance of cultural, mechanical, physical and biological precautions. If it can not be solved, then natural and permitted pesticides should be used, 
• Primarily solving problems with dinamics and applications in its’ own system,
• Giving more importance to increase the quality rather than aiming to increase the quantity,
• Existing legal regulations which have national and international validity in production. 
• Certificating products in case of the suitability circumstances as a result of the supervisions that are made by independent public authorities. 

Principles: 

• Natural- based raw materials should be used for production in the firms which make organic production. 
• Producing sufficient and high quality products, should be more essential to consider than targeting maximum efficiency in organic agriculture. 
• Organic agriculture can be used as farm manure, green manure, farm and liquid wastes, fodder, turf, mushroom production wastes, organic wastes, manifactured goods of animal wastes, algae, dunnage and wood wastes. Besides, indigenous phosphate rocks can be used as fertilizers. 
• It is such a production type which is made by keeping records at every stage and applying the control and certification system. 
• In selection of plant types, environmental conditions of the place of production should be considered and durable seeds, flowers, animals should be used as being satisfactory. 
• This production type is made with contract farming.
• In organic agriculture, passing and crop alternations are applied and the legume should importantly be emphasized by making balanced compositions which are going to be suitable with the ecologic environment while cropping. 
• It is such a production type which is made with modern techniques.
• In animal production, corrals and stables should be suitable, nutritional requirements should mostly be satisfied from businesses and antibiotics, fattening additives and such chemicals shouldn’ t be added to feeds. 
• Organic agriculture aims to protect biodiversity and soil productivity by minimizing environmental injuries. 
• It develops a sufficient closed- system and a continuous production system by providing businesses to use their own inputs.
• It is such a production type which is made with transformation of the irrigation and drip irrigation system. 
• It minimizes the usage of non- renewable sources. 
• Biologic and biotechnic struggling methods are applied in organic agriculture against diseases and pests. 
• Different systems are applied in this production type for weed struggling. 
• Packaging, warehousing and carrying steps are being controlled and certificated. 
• It is compatible with nature.