Heat stress can be defined as the reactions of animals against high temperature and moisture. Profitabilities of the businesses are affected negatively under such circumstances and some metabolic diseases arise. The ambient temperature for cattle should be 24-27 °C at most in order to avoid heat stress.
The Problems That May Be Faced With In Hot Weathers;
Decreases in the production activities and conception rates of animals
Summer acidosis syndrome
Deficiencies in milk production
Floating fat, protein and such milk ingredients
Milk quality
Laminitis
Water Management And Waterers;
A vessel and 1 meter waterer should be put for each 10-15 cows.
Minimum 2 tanks should be put for each group.
A tank should be put for each 18- 24 meter.
Water depth should be 8 cm at least.
Water capacity should be 200 liter at least.
Daily cleaning should be made for tanks.
Water Consumption In Different Temperature;
* Cows eat and sleep 2 hours less in hot weathers and accordingly, their milk efficiencies decrease.
The Symptoms Of Summer Acidosis Syndrome (SAS);
Degredation in milk production
Decreases in milk-fat content
Decreases in body condition
Foot diseases and laminitis
Increases in the rejection rate
Reasons;
High protein and carbonhydrate feeds increase acid production.
Animals develop a selective attitude under heat stress conditions that they don’t eat every feed and consume fiber.
The rumen pH level decreases ordinarily.
The Factors Affecting Feed Selection For Cows:
KM content of the ration
Particular size of the roughage and general mixture
Large stem and pieces in corn silage
Irregular mixture of raw materials
Feeding frequency
Pushing on the ration ahead of animals
The feeder place and accessibility of feeds
The KM Content In Ration;
The moisture content of TMR, is effective on how particules will grab on to each other. It is possible animals to make feed selection when the KM content in ration is more than % 65 (moisture is less than % 35). It is stated that they make less feed selection when water is added to the fodder basis ration which include KM more than % 80. It is mostly less than % 60 in the silage basis rations.
Particular size distribution should be controlled from both sides and middle of the feeder. As a result of these controls; if any difference is detected, this will mean that the animals which are fed in different locations, get different rations.
Cooling;
* Cows eat and sleep 2 hours less in hot weathers and accordingly, their milk efficiencies decrease.
The Symptoms Of Summer Acidosis Syndrome (SAS);
Degredation in milk production
Decreases in milk-fat content
Decreases in body condition
Foot diseases and laminitis
Increases in the rejection rate
Reasons;
High protein and carbonhydrate feeds increase acid production.
Animals develop a selective attitude under heat stress conditions that they don’t eat every feed and consume fiber.
The rumen pH level decreases ordinarily.
The Factors Affecting Feed Selection For Cows:
KM content of the ration
Particular size of the roughage and general mixture
Large stem and pieces in corn silage
Irregular mixture of raw materials
Feeding frequency
Pushing on the ration ahead of animals
The feeder place and accessibility of feeds
The KM Content In Ration;
The moisture content of TMR, is effective on how particules will grab on to each other. It is possible animals to make feed selection when the KM content in ration is more than % 65 (moisture is less than % 35). It is stated that they make less feed selection when water is added to the fodder basis ration which include KM more than % 80. It is mostly less than % 60 in the silage basis rations.
Particular size distribution should be controlled from both sides and middle of the feeder. As a result of these controls; if any difference is detected, this will mean that the animals which are fed in different locations, get different rations.
Cooling;
* The cooling application, repairs efficiency loss.
* Fertility rates are affected from the negative effects of hot weathers more than milk efficiency.
Results;
Cooling application is beneficial, but it is not enough to protect the production levels in winter. High efficient and mature animals should be privileged in cooling.
The Precautions Against Heat Stress;
Business Applications:
Extra feeding
Feeding in cool hours of the day
Sufficient feeder area
Providing clean water
Sufficient air flow
Providing animals to feel comfortable
Ration Applications:
Using wet raw materials and avoing animals to select their feeds
Using buffer to neutralize acids
Using yeast and cultures with recommendation
Avoiding feeding with extra protein
Increasing the potassium, sodium and magnesium amount
Balancing the vitamin level of feeds. Daily amount of Vitamin A should be 100.000 iu, Vitamin D should be 50.000 iu and Vitamin E should be 500 iu.
Mineral Material Applications:
Sodium should be % 0,45 of the ration dry material at least.
Potassium should be % 1,5 of the ration dry material at least.
Magnesium should be % 0,35 of the ration dry material at least.
