The fact of water consumption, differs according to feed amounts, specialities, climate conditions, milk efficiency, lactation periods and such factors. Water consumption amounts of cows, are approximately 4- 6 times more than dry materials. Lack of water, directly affects efficiency. Therefore, clean and fresh water should always be provided for animals.
Fibrous carbonhydrates, stimulate rumination and regulate digestive tracts. Nonfibrous carbonhydrates, can be used as essential fat acids to satisfy energy needs of animals.
Although protein is being produced from the nitrogenous materials belonging to animals and micro organisms in rumen, the protein amount produced from micro organisms, can be insufficient for high quality cows. At this stage; unweathered protein rate is expected to be 6 percent or more.
Minerals can be divided into 2 parts and detailize as being micro and macro minerals. Besides sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphor, chlorine, sulphur and magnesium are assumed as the macro minerals; iron, iodine, selenium, chrome, manganese, copper, zinc and boron are assumed as the micro minerals.
Dairy cattle need vitamins for healthy growth, breeding and milk efficiency. A, D, E, K, C and B vitamins are required.
