If there are three important problems in a dairy farming business (namely the interval for calving, extension of the service period and the rise of insemination per pregnancy) nutrition should be emphasized.
Balanced nutrition plays a significant role in dairy cows and malnutrition generally causes reproductive problems to emerge.
The disequilibrium between energy and protein, trace element and lack of vitamins or excessive protein or energy consumption causes irregularity in rutting, the extension of intervals for calving, the rise of insemination per pregnancy, the extension of the service period and finally infertility. If there are three important problems in a dairy farming business (namely the interval for calving, extension of the service period and the rise of insemination per pregnancy) nutrition should be emphasized. However, nutrition is one of many probable factors that are effective on the emergence of the problems in the reproduction of dairy cattle. It must not be forgotten that errors in identifying the rut period and in insemination period, experience of the breeder, other problems in reproduction such as reproductive diseases (cyst) overshadow nutriton problems.
Secondly, there is a complex relationship between nutrition and reproduction and well establishing the balance between energy and protein, minerals and vitamins in feeding the dairy cattle and knowing the amount and quality of the fodders that are consumed are the most important factors in improving reproductive performance. The relationships between protein consumption and reproduction in dairy cattle should be examined as excessive protein consumption or insufficient protein consumption. In the research that has been conducted, it has been found that those animals that consume more than 15% of the needed protein require more insemination per pregnancy and a longer calving interval. If more than protein than needed is consumed, then urea emerges from the proteins that are destroyed in the rumen and this causes an accumulation of ammonia in the reproductive canal. Ammonia is toxic for fertilized and unfertilized eggs. In practical animal feeding, it is important not to feed the animals more cotton seeds or sunlfower seed pulp than is necessary. On the other hand, it has been found that long-term and insufficiant protein consumption as well as excessive protein decreaes reproductive performance. Feeding the animals less protein than what is needed has a negative effect on semen efficiency and it causes the rutting to be irregular and leads to troubles in final ejection. Therefore, our farmers must regularly check the protein amounts that are obtained from coarse and dairy cow fodders. In conclusion, the most right course of action is in feeding dairy animals is to give them protein that is appropriate for milk efficiency.
